A Performance Analysis of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : I Wayan Krisnhadi Bima
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control,
Vol. 5, No. 1, February 2020
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a concept connecting any devices onto the internet. The IoT devices cannot only use a service or server to be controlled at a distance but also to do computation. IoT has been applied in many fields, such as smart cities, industries, and logistics. The sending of IoT data can use the existing GSM networks such as GPRS. However, GPRS is not dedicated particularly to the transmission of IoT data in consideration of its weaknesses in terms of coverage and power efficiency. To increase the performance of the transmission of IoT data, Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT), one alternative to replace GPRS, is offered for its excellence in coverage and power. This paper aims to compare the GPRS and NB-IoT technology for the transmission of IoT data, specifically in Bandung region, Indonesia. The results obtained showed that the packet loss from clients for the GPRS network was at 68%, while the one for NB-IoT was at 44%. Moreover, NB-IoT technology was found excellent in terms of battery saving compared to GPRS for the transmission of IoT data. This result showed that NB-IoT was found more suitable for transmitting the IoT data compared to GPRS.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- D. A. K. Karimi, “What the Internet of Things (IoT) Needs to Become a Reality,” Free. White Pap., p. 16, 2013.
- A. A. Wardana, A. Rakhmatsyah, A. E. Minarno, and D. R. Anbiya, “Internet of Things Platform for Manage Multiple Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Broker Server,” Kinet. Game Technol. Inf. Syst. Comput. Network, Comput. Electron. Control, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 197–206, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/kinetik.v4i3.841
- S. Vashi, J. Ram, J. Modi, S. Verma, and C. Prakash, “Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and security issues,” Proc. Int. Conf. IoT Soc. Mobile, Anal. Cloud, I-SMAC 2017, no. February 2017, pp. 492–496, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/I-SMAC.2017.8058399
- V. Suryani, S. Sulistyo, and W. Widyawan, “Internet of Things ( IoT ) Framework for Granting Trust among Objects,” J. Inf. Process. Syst., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1613–1627, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0088
- J. Xu, J. Yao, L. Wang, Z. Ming, K. Wu, and L. Chen, “Narrowband internet of things: Evolutions, technologies, and open issues,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1449–1462, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2783374
- A. D. Zayas and P. Merino, “The 3GPP NB-IoT system architecture for the Internet of Things,” 2017 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Work. ICC Work. 2017, pp. 277–282, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2017.7962670
- M. Pennacchioni, M. G. Di Benedette, T. Pecorella, C. Carlini, and P. Obino, “NB-IoT system deployment for smart metering: Evaluation of coverage and capacity performances,” 2017 AEIT Int. Annu. Conf. Infrastructures Energy ICT Oppor. Foster. Innov. AEIT 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2017.8240561
- M. Zeinali, J. Thompson, C. Khirallah, and N. Gupta, “Evolution of home energy management and smart metering communications towards 5G,” Proc. 2017 8th Int. Conf. Netw. Futur. NOF 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 85–90, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/NOF.2017.8251225
- A. R. Kulkarni, M. S. Ballal, and S. S. Rajurkar, “Developing SMARTGRID Projects with Global Perspective in Indian Scenario,” vol. 487, Springer Singapore, 2018, pp. 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8249-8_1
- S. Persia and L. Rea, “Next generation M2M Cellular Networks: LTE-MTC and NB-IoT capacity analysis for Smart Grids applications,” AEIT 2016 - Int. Annu. Conf. Sustain. Dev. Mediterr. Area, Energy ICT Networks Futur., 2016. https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2016.7892789
- S. Persia, C. Carciofi, and M. Faccioli, “NB-IoT and LoRA connectivity analysis for M2M/IoT smart grids applications,” 2017 AEIT Int. Annu. Conf. Infrastructures Energy ICT Oppor. Foster. Innov. AEIT 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, pp. 1–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2017.8240558
- J. Shi, L. Jin, J. Li, and Z. Fang, “A smart parking system based on NB-IoT and third-party payment platform,” 2017 17th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol. Isc. 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 1–5, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCIT.2017.8261235
- W. Zhai, “Design of narrowband-IoT oriented wireless sensor network in urban smart parking,” Int. J. Online Eng., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 116–126, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i12.7886
- Y. Zhu, G. Jia, G. Han, Z. Zhou, and M. Guizani, “An NB-IoT-based smart trash can system for improved health in smart cities,” 2019 15th Int. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. Conf., pp. 763–768, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC.2019.8766748
- S. Chen, C. Yang, J. Li, and F. R. Yu, “Full Lifecycle Infrastructure Management System for Smart Cities: A Narrow Band IoT-Based Platform,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. PP, no. c, pp. 1–1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2019.2923810
- S. Duangsuwan, A. Takarn, and P. Jamjareegulgarn, “A Development on Air Pollution Detection Sensors based on NB-IoT Network for Smart Cities,” Isc. 2018 - 18th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol., no. Iscit, pp. 313–317, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCIT.2018.8587978
- S. Duangsuwan, A. Takarn, R. Nujankaew, and P. Jamjareegulgarn, “A Study of Air Pollution Smart Sensors LPWAN via NB-IoT for Thailand Smart Cities 4.0,” 2018 10th Int. Conf. Knowl. Smart Technol. Cybern. Next Decad. KST 2018, pp. 206–209, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/KST.2018.8426195
- J. Wang, J. Su, and R. Hua, “Design of a Smart Independent Smoke Sense System Based on NB-IoT Technology,” Proc. - 2019 Int. Conf. Intell. Transp. Big Data Smart City, ICITBS 2019, pp. 397–400, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITBS.2019.00104
- K. Mikhaylov et al., “Multi-RAT LPWAN in Smart Cities: Trial of LoRaWAN and NB-IoT Integration,” IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., vol. 2018-May, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422979
- P. Jorke, R. Falkenberg, and C. Wietfeld, “Power Consumption Analysis of NB-IoT and eMTC in Challenging Smart City Environments,” 2018 IEEE Globecom Work. GC Wkshps 2018 - Proc., 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2018.8644481
- M. El Soussi, P. Zand, F. Pasveer, and G. Dolmans, “Evaluating the Performance of eMTC and NB-IoT for Smart City Applications,” IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., vol. 2018-May, pp. 1–7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422799
- A. Gerber, Z. M. Mao, and O. Spatscheck, “A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE Networks Categories and Subject Descriptors,” MobiSys ’12 Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Mob. Syst. Appl. Serv., pp. 225–238, 2012.
- M. Lauridsen, R. Krigslund, M. Rohr, and G. Madueno, “An Empirical NB-IoT Power Consumption Model for Battery Lifetime Estimation,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 2018-June, pp. 1–5, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2018.8417653
- B. Vejlgaard, M. Lauridsen, H. Nguyen, I. Z. Kovacs, P. Mogensen, and M. Sorensen, “Coverage and Capacity Analysis of Sigfox, LoRa, GPRS, and NB-IoT,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 2017-June, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2017.8108666
- M. Lauridsen, I. Z. Kovács, P. Mogensen, M. Sørensen, and S. Holst, “Coverage and capacity analysis of LTE-M and NB-IoT in a rural area,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 20, pp. 2–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880946
- L. Benetazzo, M. Bertocco, C. Narduzzi, and R. Tittoto, “Analysis and measurement of TCP/IP performance over GPRS networks,” Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics), vol. 2775, pp. 261–275, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39867-7_28
- M. Chen, Y. Miao, Y. Hao, and K. Hwang, “Narrow Band Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, no. c, pp. 20557–20577, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2751586
- P. Svoboda, F. Ricciato, W. Keim, and M. Rupp, “with and without Caching raefore , i winlpth senetwork Begain analysisfor over-l comparison calls . W Ffller- te I ontoto,” 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/WOWMOM.2007.4351701
- C. Yu, L. Yu, Y. Wu, Y. He, and Q. Lu, “Uplink scheduling and link adaptation for narrowband internet of things systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 1724–1734, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2664418
- SIMCom, T. Hongjun, and L. Ya, SIMCom7000 Hardware Design.
- Samsung SDI Co. Ltd, “INR18650-25R Testing and Specifications,” 2013.
References
D. A. K. Karimi, “What the Internet of Things (IoT) Needs to Become a Reality,” Free. White Pap., p. 16, 2013.
A. A. Wardana, A. Rakhmatsyah, A. E. Minarno, and D. R. Anbiya, “Internet of Things Platform for Manage Multiple Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Broker Server,” Kinet. Game Technol. Inf. Syst. Comput. Network, Comput. Electron. Control, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 197–206, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/kinetik.v4i3.841
S. Vashi, J. Ram, J. Modi, S. Verma, and C. Prakash, “Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and security issues,” Proc. Int. Conf. IoT Soc. Mobile, Anal. Cloud, I-SMAC 2017, no. February 2017, pp. 492–496, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/I-SMAC.2017.8058399
V. Suryani, S. Sulistyo, and W. Widyawan, “Internet of Things ( IoT ) Framework for Granting Trust among Objects,” J. Inf. Process. Syst., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1613–1627, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.03.0088
J. Xu, J. Yao, L. Wang, Z. Ming, K. Wu, and L. Chen, “Narrowband internet of things: Evolutions, technologies, and open issues,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1449–1462, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2783374
A. D. Zayas and P. Merino, “The 3GPP NB-IoT system architecture for the Internet of Things,” 2017 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Work. ICC Work. 2017, pp. 277–282, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2017.7962670
M. Pennacchioni, M. G. Di Benedette, T. Pecorella, C. Carlini, and P. Obino, “NB-IoT system deployment for smart metering: Evaluation of coverage and capacity performances,” 2017 AEIT Int. Annu. Conf. Infrastructures Energy ICT Oppor. Foster. Innov. AEIT 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2017.8240561
M. Zeinali, J. Thompson, C. Khirallah, and N. Gupta, “Evolution of home energy management and smart metering communications towards 5G,” Proc. 2017 8th Int. Conf. Netw. Futur. NOF 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 85–90, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/NOF.2017.8251225
A. R. Kulkarni, M. S. Ballal, and S. S. Rajurkar, “Developing SMARTGRID Projects with Global Perspective in Indian Scenario,” vol. 487, Springer Singapore, 2018, pp. 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8249-8_1
S. Persia and L. Rea, “Next generation M2M Cellular Networks: LTE-MTC and NB-IoT capacity analysis for Smart Grids applications,” AEIT 2016 - Int. Annu. Conf. Sustain. Dev. Mediterr. Area, Energy ICT Networks Futur., 2016. https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2016.7892789
S. Persia, C. Carciofi, and M. Faccioli, “NB-IoT and LoRA connectivity analysis for M2M/IoT smart grids applications,” 2017 AEIT Int. Annu. Conf. Infrastructures Energy ICT Oppor. Foster. Innov. AEIT 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, pp. 1–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2017.8240558
J. Shi, L. Jin, J. Li, and Z. Fang, “A smart parking system based on NB-IoT and third-party payment platform,” 2017 17th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol. Isc. 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 1–5, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCIT.2017.8261235
W. Zhai, “Design of narrowband-IoT oriented wireless sensor network in urban smart parking,” Int. J. Online Eng., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 116–126, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i12.7886
Y. Zhu, G. Jia, G. Han, Z. Zhou, and M. Guizani, “An NB-IoT-based smart trash can system for improved health in smart cities,” 2019 15th Int. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. Conf., pp. 763–768, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC.2019.8766748
S. Chen, C. Yang, J. Li, and F. R. Yu, “Full Lifecycle Infrastructure Management System for Smart Cities: A Narrow Band IoT-Based Platform,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. PP, no. c, pp. 1–1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2019.2923810
S. Duangsuwan, A. Takarn, and P. Jamjareegulgarn, “A Development on Air Pollution Detection Sensors based on NB-IoT Network for Smart Cities,” Isc. 2018 - 18th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol., no. Iscit, pp. 313–317, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCIT.2018.8587978
S. Duangsuwan, A. Takarn, R. Nujankaew, and P. Jamjareegulgarn, “A Study of Air Pollution Smart Sensors LPWAN via NB-IoT for Thailand Smart Cities 4.0,” 2018 10th Int. Conf. Knowl. Smart Technol. Cybern. Next Decad. KST 2018, pp. 206–209, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/KST.2018.8426195
J. Wang, J. Su, and R. Hua, “Design of a Smart Independent Smoke Sense System Based on NB-IoT Technology,” Proc. - 2019 Int. Conf. Intell. Transp. Big Data Smart City, ICITBS 2019, pp. 397–400, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITBS.2019.00104
K. Mikhaylov et al., “Multi-RAT LPWAN in Smart Cities: Trial of LoRaWAN and NB-IoT Integration,” IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., vol. 2018-May, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422979
P. Jorke, R. Falkenberg, and C. Wietfeld, “Power Consumption Analysis of NB-IoT and eMTC in Challenging Smart City Environments,” 2018 IEEE Globecom Work. GC Wkshps 2018 - Proc., 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2018.8644481
M. El Soussi, P. Zand, F. Pasveer, and G. Dolmans, “Evaluating the Performance of eMTC and NB-IoT for Smart City Applications,” IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., vol. 2018-May, pp. 1–7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422799
A. Gerber, Z. M. Mao, and O. Spatscheck, “A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE Networks Categories and Subject Descriptors,” MobiSys ’12 Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Mob. Syst. Appl. Serv., pp. 225–238, 2012.
M. Lauridsen, R. Krigslund, M. Rohr, and G. Madueno, “An Empirical NB-IoT Power Consumption Model for Battery Lifetime Estimation,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 2018-June, pp. 1–5, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2018.8417653
B. Vejlgaard, M. Lauridsen, H. Nguyen, I. Z. Kovacs, P. Mogensen, and M. Sorensen, “Coverage and Capacity Analysis of Sigfox, LoRa, GPRS, and NB-IoT,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 2017-June, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2017.8108666
M. Lauridsen, I. Z. Kovács, P. Mogensen, M. Sørensen, and S. Holst, “Coverage and capacity analysis of LTE-M and NB-IoT in a rural area,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 20, pp. 2–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880946
L. Benetazzo, M. Bertocco, C. Narduzzi, and R. Tittoto, “Analysis and measurement of TCP/IP performance over GPRS networks,” Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics), vol. 2775, pp. 261–275, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39867-7_28
M. Chen, Y. Miao, Y. Hao, and K. Hwang, “Narrow Band Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, no. c, pp. 20557–20577, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2751586
P. Svoboda, F. Ricciato, W. Keim, and M. Rupp, “with and without Caching raefore , i winlpth senetwork Begain analysisfor over-l comparison calls . W Ffller- te I ontoto,” 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/WOWMOM.2007.4351701
C. Yu, L. Yu, Y. Wu, Y. He, and Q. Lu, “Uplink scheduling and link adaptation for narrowband internet of things systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 1724–1734, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2664418
SIMCom, T. Hongjun, and L. Ya, SIMCom7000 Hardware Design.
Samsung SDI Co. Ltd, “INR18650-25R Testing and Specifications,” 2013.