This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Water Level Detection for Flood Disaster Management Based on Real-time Color Object Detection
Corresponding Author(s) : Khairun Saddami
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control,
Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2023
Abstract
Currently, the water level monitoring system for a river uses instruments installed on the banks of the river and must be checked continuously and manually. This study proposes a real-time water level detection system based on a computer vision algorithm. In the proposed system, we use color object tracking technique with a bar indicator as a reference’s level. We set three bar indicators to determine the status of the water level, namely NORMAL, ALERT and DANGER. A camera was installed across the bar level indicators to capture bar indicator and monitoring the water level. In the simulation, the monitoring system was installed in 5-100 lux lighting conditions. For experimental purposes, we set various distances of the camera, which is set of 40-80 centimeters and the camera angle is set of 30-60 degrees. The experiment results showed that this system has an accuracy of 94% at camera distance is in range 50-80 centimeters and camera angle is 60o. Based on these results, it can be concluded that this proposed system can determine the water level well in varying lighting conditions.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- F. J. Glago, " Flood disaster hazards; causes, impacts and management: a state-of-the-art review," in Natural Hazards-Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience, E.N. Farsangi, London: IntechOpen, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95048
- I. Akar, K. Kalkan, D. Maktav, and Y. Ozdemir, “Determination of Land Use Effects on Flood Risk by using Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing,” in Recent Advance in Space Technologies, RAST 09. 4th International Conference on, 2009, pp. 23-26, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2009.5158202
- H.M. Yasin, S. R. Zeebaree, M. A. Sadeeq, Y. A. Siddeeq, I. M. Ibrahim, R. R. Zebari, and A. B. Sallow. "IoT and ICT based smart water management, monitoring and controlling system: A review." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 42-56, 2021. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJRCOS/2021/v8i230198
- G. Ufuoma, B. F. Sasanya, P. Abaje, and P. Awodutire, P. “Efficiency of camera sensors for flood monitoring and warnings”. Scientific African, vol. 13, e00887, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00887
- M. I. Zakaria and W.A. Jabbar. "Flood Monitoring and Warning Systems: A Brief Review." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, vol. 56, no. 3, 2021. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.12
- B. Arshad, R. Ogie, J. Barthelemy, B. Pradhan, N. Verstaevel, and P. Perez, “Computer vision and IoT-based sensors in flood monitoring and mapping: A systematic review”. Sensors, vol. 19, no. 22, 5012, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19225012
- T. Tingsanchali, “Urban flood disaster management”. Procedia engineering, vol. 32, pp. 25-37, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233
- M.A.U.R. Tariq, and N. Van De Giesen, N. “Floods and flood management in Pakistan”, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol. 47, pp. 11-20, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.014
- E.J. Plate, “Flood risk and flood management”. Journal of hydrology, vol. 267, no.1-2, pp. 2-11, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00135-X
- M. Moy de Vitry, S. Dicht, and J.P. Leitão, “floodX: Urban flash flood experiments monitored with conventional and alternative sensors”, Earth System Science Data, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 657-666, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-657-2017
- H. Wan , Jidin, Aiman Zakwan, Aziz, and N. Rahim, “Flood disaster indicator of water level monitoring system,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 9, Art. no. 3, pp. 1694-1699, 2019. doi: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1694-1699.
- A. N. Yumang et al., “Real-time flood water level monitoring system with SMS notification,” in IEEE 9th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM), 2017, pp. 1–3. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/HNICEM.2017.8269468
- S. Udomsiri, M. Iwahashi, “Design of fir filter for water level detection”, International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 2663–2668, 2008.
- S. Park, N. Lee, Y. Han, H. Hahn, “The water level detection algorithm using the accumulated histogram with band pass filter”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 56, pp. 193–197, 2009.
- Y.-T. Lin, Y.-C. Lin, J.-Y. Han, “Automatic water-level detection using single-camera images with varied poses”, Measurement, vol. 127, pp. 167–174, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.05.100
- E. Ridolfi, P. Manciola, “Water level measurements from drones: a pilot case study at a dam site”, Water, vol. 10, no. 3, 297, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030297
- M.T. Perks, S.F. Dal Sasso, A. Hauet, E. Jamieson, J. Le Coz, S. Pearce, S. Peña-Haro, A. Pizarro, D. Strelnikova, F. Tauro, and J. Bomhof, “Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations”, Earth System Science Data, vol. 12, no. 3, pp.1545-1559, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1545-2020
- F. Tauro, G. Olivieri, A. Petroselli, M. Porfiri, and S. Grimaldi, “Flow monitoring with a camera: a case study on a flood event in the Tiber river”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 1-11, 2016. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10661-015-5082-5
- F. Tosi, M. Rocca, F. Aleotti, M. Poggi, S. Mattoccia, F. Tauro, E. Toth, and S. Grimaldi, “Enabling image-based streamflow monitoring at the edge”, Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no.12, p.2047, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122047
- S. Pearce, R. Ljubičić, S. Peña-Haro, M. Perks, F. Tauro, A. Pizarro, S.F. Dal Sasso, D. Strelnikova, S. Grimaldi, I. Maddock, and G. Paulus, 2020. “An evaluation of image velocimetry techniques under low flow conditions and high seeding densities using unmanned aerial systems”, Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 2, p.232, 2020. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020232
- P. Koutalakis, O. Tzoraki, and G. Zaimes, “Uavs for hydrologic scopes: application of a low-cost uav to estimate surface water velocity by using three different image-based methods”, Drones, vol. 3, no.1, pp. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3010014
- Q.W. Lewis, and B.L. Rhoads, “Lspiv measurements of two-dimensional flow structure in streams using small unmanned aerial systems: 1. accuracy assessment based on comparison with stationary camera platforms and in-stream velocity measurements”, Water Resources Research, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 8000–8018, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022551
- F. Tauro, R. Piscopia, and S. Grimaldi, “Streamflow observations from cameras: large-scale particle image velocimetry or particle tracking velocimetry?” Water Resources Research, vol. 53, no.12, pp. 10374–10394, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020848
- H.M. Fritz, J.C. Borrero, C.E. Synolakis, and J. Yoo, “2004 indian ocean tsunami flow velocity measurements from survivor videos”, Geophysics. Research Letters, vol. 33, no. 24, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026784
- A.A. Bradley, A. Kruger, E.A. Meselhe, M.V. Muste, “Flow measurement in streams using video imagery”, Water Resources Research, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1–51, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001317
- Y. Saragih, H. Prima, Roostiani, Hasna Aliya, and E. S. Agatha, “Design of automatic water flood control and monitoring systems in reservoirs based on internet of things (iot),” in 3rd International Conference on Mechanical, Electronics, Computer, and Industrial Technology (MECnIT), 2020, pp. 30–35. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/MECnIT48290.2020.9166593
- A. Kurniawan, I. W. Mustika, and S. S. Kusumawardani, “Color Tracking Testing Using IP Webcams for Water Level Detection,” Conference Paper, Lab. Sistem Elektronis, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 2014.
- A. Firmansyah, A. Sasongko, and M. A. Said, “Water Level Monitoring System and Flood Warning Notification on Android-Based Sluice,” Thesis, DIII Teknik Komputer, Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal, Indonesia, 2020.
- A.S Nasution, A. Alvin, A.T. Siregar, and M.S. Sinaga, “KNN Algorithm for Identification of Tomato Disease Based on Image Segmentation Using Enhanced K-Means Clustering”, Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 299-308, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22219/kinetik.v7i3.1486
- M. Deswal and N. Sharma, “A Simplified Review on Fast HSV Image Color and Texture Detection and Image Conversion Algorithm,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, vol. 3, no. 5, p.7, 2014.
- C-H Teh and Roland T. Chin, “On the detection of dominant points on digital curves”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 859–872, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.31447
- G. Bradski, G. “The openCV library”, Dr. Dobb's Journal: Software Tools for the Professional Programmer, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 120-123, 2000.
- M. J. P San Miguel, and C.R. Ruiz Jr, C. R. “Automatic Flood Detection Using the Video of Static Cameras”. In DLSU Research Congress. De La Salle University Manila, Philippines, 2016.
References
F. J. Glago, " Flood disaster hazards; causes, impacts and management: a state-of-the-art review," in Natural Hazards-Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience, E.N. Farsangi, London: IntechOpen, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95048
I. Akar, K. Kalkan, D. Maktav, and Y. Ozdemir, “Determination of Land Use Effects on Flood Risk by using Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing,” in Recent Advance in Space Technologies, RAST 09. 4th International Conference on, 2009, pp. 23-26, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2009.5158202
H.M. Yasin, S. R. Zeebaree, M. A. Sadeeq, Y. A. Siddeeq, I. M. Ibrahim, R. R. Zebari, and A. B. Sallow. "IoT and ICT based smart water management, monitoring and controlling system: A review." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 42-56, 2021. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJRCOS/2021/v8i230198
G. Ufuoma, B. F. Sasanya, P. Abaje, and P. Awodutire, P. “Efficiency of camera sensors for flood monitoring and warnings”. Scientific African, vol. 13, e00887, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00887
M. I. Zakaria and W.A. Jabbar. "Flood Monitoring and Warning Systems: A Brief Review." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, vol. 56, no. 3, 2021. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.12
B. Arshad, R. Ogie, J. Barthelemy, B. Pradhan, N. Verstaevel, and P. Perez, “Computer vision and IoT-based sensors in flood monitoring and mapping: A systematic review”. Sensors, vol. 19, no. 22, 5012, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19225012
T. Tingsanchali, “Urban flood disaster management”. Procedia engineering, vol. 32, pp. 25-37, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233
M.A.U.R. Tariq, and N. Van De Giesen, N. “Floods and flood management in Pakistan”, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol. 47, pp. 11-20, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.014
E.J. Plate, “Flood risk and flood management”. Journal of hydrology, vol. 267, no.1-2, pp. 2-11, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00135-X
M. Moy de Vitry, S. Dicht, and J.P. Leitão, “floodX: Urban flash flood experiments monitored with conventional and alternative sensors”, Earth System Science Data, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 657-666, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-657-2017
H. Wan , Jidin, Aiman Zakwan, Aziz, and N. Rahim, “Flood disaster indicator of water level monitoring system,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 9, Art. no. 3, pp. 1694-1699, 2019. doi: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1694-1699.
A. N. Yumang et al., “Real-time flood water level monitoring system with SMS notification,” in IEEE 9th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM), 2017, pp. 1–3. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/HNICEM.2017.8269468
S. Udomsiri, M. Iwahashi, “Design of fir filter for water level detection”, International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 2663–2668, 2008.
S. Park, N. Lee, Y. Han, H. Hahn, “The water level detection algorithm using the accumulated histogram with band pass filter”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 56, pp. 193–197, 2009.
Y.-T. Lin, Y.-C. Lin, J.-Y. Han, “Automatic water-level detection using single-camera images with varied poses”, Measurement, vol. 127, pp. 167–174, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.05.100
E. Ridolfi, P. Manciola, “Water level measurements from drones: a pilot case study at a dam site”, Water, vol. 10, no. 3, 297, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030297
M.T. Perks, S.F. Dal Sasso, A. Hauet, E. Jamieson, J. Le Coz, S. Pearce, S. Peña-Haro, A. Pizarro, D. Strelnikova, F. Tauro, and J. Bomhof, “Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations”, Earth System Science Data, vol. 12, no. 3, pp.1545-1559, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1545-2020
F. Tauro, G. Olivieri, A. Petroselli, M. Porfiri, and S. Grimaldi, “Flow monitoring with a camera: a case study on a flood event in the Tiber river”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 1-11, 2016. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10661-015-5082-5
F. Tosi, M. Rocca, F. Aleotti, M. Poggi, S. Mattoccia, F. Tauro, E. Toth, and S. Grimaldi, “Enabling image-based streamflow monitoring at the edge”, Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no.12, p.2047, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122047
S. Pearce, R. Ljubičić, S. Peña-Haro, M. Perks, F. Tauro, A. Pizarro, S.F. Dal Sasso, D. Strelnikova, S. Grimaldi, I. Maddock, and G. Paulus, 2020. “An evaluation of image velocimetry techniques under low flow conditions and high seeding densities using unmanned aerial systems”, Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 2, p.232, 2020. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020232
P. Koutalakis, O. Tzoraki, and G. Zaimes, “Uavs for hydrologic scopes: application of a low-cost uav to estimate surface water velocity by using three different image-based methods”, Drones, vol. 3, no.1, pp. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3010014
Q.W. Lewis, and B.L. Rhoads, “Lspiv measurements of two-dimensional flow structure in streams using small unmanned aerial systems: 1. accuracy assessment based on comparison with stationary camera platforms and in-stream velocity measurements”, Water Resources Research, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 8000–8018, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022551
F. Tauro, R. Piscopia, and S. Grimaldi, “Streamflow observations from cameras: large-scale particle image velocimetry or particle tracking velocimetry?” Water Resources Research, vol. 53, no.12, pp. 10374–10394, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020848
H.M. Fritz, J.C. Borrero, C.E. Synolakis, and J. Yoo, “2004 indian ocean tsunami flow velocity measurements from survivor videos”, Geophysics. Research Letters, vol. 33, no. 24, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026784
A.A. Bradley, A. Kruger, E.A. Meselhe, M.V. Muste, “Flow measurement in streams using video imagery”, Water Resources Research, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1–51, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001317
Y. Saragih, H. Prima, Roostiani, Hasna Aliya, and E. S. Agatha, “Design of automatic water flood control and monitoring systems in reservoirs based on internet of things (iot),” in 3rd International Conference on Mechanical, Electronics, Computer, and Industrial Technology (MECnIT), 2020, pp. 30–35. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/MECnIT48290.2020.9166593
A. Kurniawan, I. W. Mustika, and S. S. Kusumawardani, “Color Tracking Testing Using IP Webcams for Water Level Detection,” Conference Paper, Lab. Sistem Elektronis, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 2014.
A. Firmansyah, A. Sasongko, and M. A. Said, “Water Level Monitoring System and Flood Warning Notification on Android-Based Sluice,” Thesis, DIII Teknik Komputer, Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal, Indonesia, 2020.
A.S Nasution, A. Alvin, A.T. Siregar, and M.S. Sinaga, “KNN Algorithm for Identification of Tomato Disease Based on Image Segmentation Using Enhanced K-Means Clustering”, Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 299-308, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22219/kinetik.v7i3.1486
M. Deswal and N. Sharma, “A Simplified Review on Fast HSV Image Color and Texture Detection and Image Conversion Algorithm,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, vol. 3, no. 5, p.7, 2014.
C-H Teh and Roland T. Chin, “On the detection of dominant points on digital curves”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 859–872, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.31447
G. Bradski, G. “The openCV library”, Dr. Dobb's Journal: Software Tools for the Professional Programmer, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 120-123, 2000.
M. J. P San Miguel, and C.R. Ruiz Jr, C. R. “Automatic Flood Detection Using the Video of Static Cameras”. In DLSU Research Congress. De La Salle University Manila, Philippines, 2016.