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Development of Digital Ventilator with Internet of Things for Preparation of the Next Outbreak in Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Dimas Adiputra
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control,
Vo. 6, No. 3, August 2021
Abstract
The emergency of the healthcare device unit, such as a ventilator, has been experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Therefore, ventilator usage is not hard suggested anymore for COVID-19 patients compared to the outbreak beginning. Despite that, it is still essential to have the ventilator ready, if possible, in each house, for the upcoming respiratory syndrome outbreak. Therefore, in this paper, a digital ventilator development is presented. The digital ventilator is comprised of three main parts, such as respiration mechanism (I), controller Internet of Things (IoT) module (II), and website application (III). The developed digital ventilator has been tested by comparing the measurement of respiratory data between the developed digital ventilator and gas flow analyzer. Results show that the respiratory data, such as Pressure Peak (PPeak), Positive End Respiratory Pressure (PEEP), Inspiratory Expiratory Ratio (IE Ratio), Breath per Minute (BPM), and Tidal Volume can be monitored and controlled both directly and online via website application consistently (standard deviation around 10%) with PPeak absolute error of 1.35 mbar, the PEEP absolute error of 0.16 mbar. Furthermore, the average time response of the digital ventilator to the input command from the website application is 0.23 s. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the doctor can use the website application to control the digital ventilator remotely.
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- A. Faricha, M. Achirul Nanda, S. Maghfirotul Ulyah, matut Tamimah, E. Indasyah, and R. Addwiyansyah Alvaro Samrat, "The Comparative Study for Predicting Disease Outbreak," Journal of Computer, Electronic, and Telecommunication, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.52435/complete.v1i1.48
- Zhou, L., Liu, H.G. "Early Detection and Disease Assessment of Patients With Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia". National Library of medicine, 43 (3), 167-170, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.0003
- Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
- World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 46, 2020.
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
- A. D. Fakhira, A. S. Pawitra, K. C. Diyanah, E. A. Wikurendra, I. Nagy, and N. S. M. Abdeljawad, “Awareness of Doing 3M (Wearing Mask, Physical Distancing, Washing Hands) During Pandemic Era in Rural and Urban Families,” JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 94, Apr. 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i2.2021.94-101
- “Positif Covid-19 Harian Kembali Pecah Rekor 14.518 Kasus,” CNN Indonesia, 2021.
- Suwarsono, Budiono, W. Denny, Kuncoro, U. AC, and F. MN, “Desain Mekanik Untuk Ventilator Sistem Kendali Adaptif,” 2020.
- S. Hidayat et al., "Lessons learned from rapid development of CPAP ventilator vent-i during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia," Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 765–778, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.5.11
- G. Gusti, “Sri Sultan Apresiasi Ventilator Karya Peneliti UGM,” Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jul. 07, 2020.
- adminits, "E-VITS Ventilator Declared to Have Passed the BPFK Technical Feasibility Test," ITS news, 2020.
- "e-Learning_ Ventilation modes ABC," Hamilton Medical, 2018.
- P. Gloria Setyvani, “Kematian Meningkat, Dokter Berusaha Tak Pakai Ventilator untuk Covid-19,” Kompas, 2020.
- U.K. Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, "Rapidly manufactured ventilator system," Apr. 2020.
- Grainger College of Engineering, "Illinois RapidVent," Mar. 2020.
- E. L'Her and A. Roy, "Bench tests of simple, handy ventilators for pandemics: Performance, autonomy, and ergonomy," Respiratory Care, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 751–760, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.00841
- E. L'Her, A. Roy, and N. Marjanovic, "Bench-test comparison of 26 emergency and transport ventilators," Crit Care, vol. 18, 2014, Art. no. 506. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13054-014-0506-0
- M. Ndiaye, S. S. Oyewobi, A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, G. P. Hancke, A. M. Kurien and K. Djouani, "IoT in the Wake of COVID-19: A Survey on Contributions, Challenges and Evolution," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 186821-186839, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3030090
- Hidayat, J. Saiful, S. Iman, Suprapto, I. Aidil, and S. Eddy, "Design and Implementation of Ventilator for Breathing Apparatus," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Dec. 2020, vol. 990, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/990/1/012007
- C. Galbiati et al., "Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM): A Novel Mechanical Ventilator Designed for Mass Scale Production in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic," Mar. 2020.
- K. Jateng, “Kreatif dan Inovatif Ventilator Berbasis IOT,” KompasTV, 2020.
- A. Laraspati, “Salut ! Sekelompok Mahasiswa Kembangkan Ventilator Berbasis IoT aja !,” detikNews, 2020.
References
A. Faricha, M. Achirul Nanda, S. Maghfirotul Ulyah, matut Tamimah, E. Indasyah, and R. Addwiyansyah Alvaro Samrat, "The Comparative Study for Predicting Disease Outbreak," Journal of Computer, Electronic, and Telecommunication, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.52435/complete.v1i1.48
Zhou, L., Liu, H.G. "Early Detection and Disease Assessment of Patients With Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia". National Library of medicine, 43 (3), 167-170, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.0003
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 46, 2020.
Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
A. D. Fakhira, A. S. Pawitra, K. C. Diyanah, E. A. Wikurendra, I. Nagy, and N. S. M. Abdeljawad, “Awareness of Doing 3M (Wearing Mask, Physical Distancing, Washing Hands) During Pandemic Era in Rural and Urban Families,” JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 94, Apr. 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i2.2021.94-101
“Positif Covid-19 Harian Kembali Pecah Rekor 14.518 Kasus,” CNN Indonesia, 2021.
Suwarsono, Budiono, W. Denny, Kuncoro, U. AC, and F. MN, “Desain Mekanik Untuk Ventilator Sistem Kendali Adaptif,” 2020.
S. Hidayat et al., "Lessons learned from rapid development of CPAP ventilator vent-i during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia," Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 765–778, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.5.11
G. Gusti, “Sri Sultan Apresiasi Ventilator Karya Peneliti UGM,” Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jul. 07, 2020.
adminits, "E-VITS Ventilator Declared to Have Passed the BPFK Technical Feasibility Test," ITS news, 2020.
"e-Learning_ Ventilation modes ABC," Hamilton Medical, 2018.
P. Gloria Setyvani, “Kematian Meningkat, Dokter Berusaha Tak Pakai Ventilator untuk Covid-19,” Kompas, 2020.
U.K. Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, "Rapidly manufactured ventilator system," Apr. 2020.
Grainger College of Engineering, "Illinois RapidVent," Mar. 2020.
E. L'Her and A. Roy, "Bench tests of simple, handy ventilators for pandemics: Performance, autonomy, and ergonomy," Respiratory Care, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 751–760, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.00841
E. L'Her, A. Roy, and N. Marjanovic, "Bench-test comparison of 26 emergency and transport ventilators," Crit Care, vol. 18, 2014, Art. no. 506. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13054-014-0506-0
M. Ndiaye, S. S. Oyewobi, A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, G. P. Hancke, A. M. Kurien and K. Djouani, "IoT in the Wake of COVID-19: A Survey on Contributions, Challenges and Evolution," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 186821-186839, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3030090
Hidayat, J. Saiful, S. Iman, Suprapto, I. Aidil, and S. Eddy, "Design and Implementation of Ventilator for Breathing Apparatus," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Dec. 2020, vol. 990, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/990/1/012007
C. Galbiati et al., "Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM): A Novel Mechanical Ventilator Designed for Mass Scale Production in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic," Mar. 2020.
K. Jateng, “Kreatif dan Inovatif Ventilator Berbasis IOT,” KompasTV, 2020.
A. Laraspati, “Salut ! Sekelompok Mahasiswa Kembangkan Ventilator Berbasis IoT aja !,” detikNews, 2020.