Towards an Effective Tuberculosis Surveillance in Indonesia through Google Trends

Dhomas Hatta Fudholi; Khairul Fikri

doi:10.22219/kinetik.v5i4.1114

Issue

Vol. 5, No. 4, November 2020

Issue Published : Nov 30, 2020

Towards an Effective Tuberculosis Surveillance in Indonesia through Google Trends

https://doi.org/10.22219/kinetik.v5i4.1114

Dhomas Hatta Fudholi

Universitas Islam Indonesia

Khairul Fikri

Universitas Islam Indonesia

Corresponding Author(s) : Dhomas Hatta Fudholi

hatta.fudholi@uii.ac.id

Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, Vol. 5, No. 4, November 2020
Article Published : Nov 22, 2020

Abstract

Background. The search digital footprint, such as in Google Trend (GT), forms a large dataset that is suitable to be used as surveillance data and supports early warning systems. These advantages become great opportunities for disease surveillance agencies in Indonesia to get rapid early disease monitoring. Objective. Due to limited research in this area and the increasing level of internet penetration in Indonesia, a further study is needed in disease monitoring by utilizing Google Trends. In this research, we explore, analyze and create a set of the best search terms to be used in utilizing GT for disease surveillance in Indonesia, especially Tuberculosis. Method. We use correlation as the technique to define the relatedness between the real case data and GT results. We collect data from the Ministry of Health of Indonesia. From the data, we design a set of new search terms to take GT trend data. The collected data is analyzed using the Pearson correlation. Result. The analysis shows that the studied search terms give strong positive relationships between GT trend data and Tuberculosis cases number in Indonesia. From the correlation analysis, we get a set of proposed effective search terms with the highest score equals to 0.907. Conclusion. Finally, it is possible to monitor and make quick surveillance in tuberculosis in Indonesia through Google Trend and we have created a novel set of search terms that can be used as the basis in monitoring other diseases in Indonesia

Keywords

Google Trends Tuberculosis Search Term Surveillance

Fudholi, D. H., & Fikri, K. (2020). Towards an Effective Tuberculosis Surveillance in Indonesia through Google Trends. Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, 5(4), 299-308. https://doi.org/10.22219/kinetik.v5i4.1114

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References

S. P. Jun, H. S. Yoo, and S. Choi, “Ten years of research change using Google Trends: From the perspective of big data utilizations and applications,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 130, no. December, pp. 69–87, 2018.
G. Eysenbach, “Infodemiology and infoveillance: framework for an emerging set of public health informatics methods to analyze search, communication and publication behavior on the Internet.,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 11, no. 1, 2009.
G. Eysenbach, “Infodemiology : The Epidemiology of ( Mis ) information,” vol. 113, pp. 763–765, 2002.
C. Pelat, C. Turbelin, A. Bar-Hen, A. Flahault, and A.-J. Valleron, “More Diseases Tracked by Using Google Trends,” Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1327–1328, 2009.
H. A. Carneiro and E. Mylonakis, “Google Trends: A Web‐Based Tool for Real‐Time Surveillance of Disease Outbreaks,” Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1557–1564, 2009.
D. R. Olson et al., “Searching for better flu surveillance? A brief communication arising from Ginsberg et al. Nature 457, 1012-1014 (2009),” Nat. Preced., vol. 1014, no. August, pp. 1012–1014, 2009.
H. Choi and H. Varian, “Predicting the Present with Google Trends,” Econ. Rec., vol. 88, no. SUPPL.1, pp. 2–9, 2012.
L. Kristoufek, “Can google trends search queries contribute to risk diversification?,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 1–5, 2013.
T. Preis, H. S. Moat, and H. Eugene Stanley, “Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using google trends,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 1–6, 2013.
S. V. Nuti et al., “The use of google trends in health care research: A systematic review,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 10, 2014.
M. Siswanto and A. Fahriannur, “Google Trend untuk Analisa Pasar Bisnis Online & Pemilihan Keywords pada E-Commerce Web,” Semin. Has. Penelit. dan Pengabdi. pada Masy. Dana BOPTN, pp. 272–277, 2016.
A. F. Satibi, Suharyono, and Y. Abdillah, “Analisis Pemanfaatan Search Engine Optimization dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Produk UMKM di Pasar Internasional,” J. Adm. Bisnis, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 96–105, 2017.
M. Nuruddin and A. R. A. Udin, “Penerapan Internet Sehat Dan Produktif ( Insap ) Bagi Kelompok Remaja Di Lingkungan Sumber Ketangi Kelurahan Wirolegi Kecamatan Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember,” Semin. Nas. Has. Pengabdi. kepa Masy., pp. 247–250, 2017.
V. Nijman, “CITES-listings, EU eel trade bans and the increase of export of tropical eels out of Indonesia,” Mar. Policy, vol. 58, pp. 36–41, 2015.
A. Husnayain, A. Fuad, and L. Lazuardi, “Correlation between Google Trends on dengue fever and national surveillance report in Indonesia,” Glob. Health Action, vol. 12, no. 1, 2019.
M. P. T. Sulistyanto and D. A. Nugraha, “Implementasi IoT ( Internet of Things ) dalam pembelajaran di Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang,” SMARTICS J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 20–23, 2015.
I. Suharyadi, “Peran Penting Asia Africa Smart City Summit (AASCS) 2015 Terhadap Perkembangan Paradiplomasi Kota Bandung,” GLOBAL, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 95–107, 2016.
J. P. Abiyyu, R. Andreswari, and M. A. Hasibuan, “Implementasi Aplikasi Mobile Modul Penyelenggara Dan Konsumen Kegiatan Di Kota Bandung Menggunakan Metode Iterative Incremental Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Terhadap Kegiatan Di Kota Bandung,” e-Proceeding Eng., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1381–1391, 2018.
C. O. N. Susanto, “Internet Sehat,” 2016.
A. Seifter, A. Schwarzwalder, K. Geis, and J. Aucott, “The utility of ‘Google Trends’ for epidemiological research: Lyme disease as an example,” Geospat. Health, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 135–137, 2010.
S. Cho et al., “Correlation between national influenza surveillance data and Google Trends in South Korea,” PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 12, 2013.
M. Kang, H. Zhong, J. He, S. Rutherford, and F. Yang, “Using Google Trends for Influenza Surveillance in South China,” PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2009–2014, 2013.
R. A. Strauss, J. S. Castro, R. Reintjes, and J. R. Torres, “Google dengue trends: An indicator of epidemic behavior. The Venezuelan Case,” Int. J. Med. Inform., vol. 104, no. November 2016, pp. 26–30, 2017.
L. R. Swari and R. Lakoro, “Perancangan Video Promosi ‘Jelajah Pantai Tulungagung’ untuk Menunjang Potensi Wisata Pantai di Kabupaten Tulungagung,” J. Sains dan Seni ITS, vol. 5, no. 2, 2016.
S. Vosen and T. Schmidt, “Forecasting private consumption: Survey-based indicators vs. Google trends,” J. Forecast., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 565–578, 2011.
D. Rahmanto, Wiyadi, and M. Isa, “Analisis Permintaan Pasar Online Produk Batik Di Indonesia,” Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2011.
K. Falgenti, “Transformasi UKM ke Bisnis Online dengan Internet Marketing Tools,” Ilm. Fakt. Exacta, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 62–73, 2011.
A. D. Riyanto, “Pemanfaatan Google Trends Dalam Penentuan Kata Kunci Sebuah Produk Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Pelaku Bisnis Di Dunia Internet,” Semin. Nas. Inform., pp. 52–59, 2014.
M. Dilmaghani, “Workopolis or The Pirate Bay: what does Google Trends say about the unemployment rate?,” J. Econ. Stud., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 422–445, 2019.
A. Mavragani and G. Ochoa, “Google trends in infodemiology and infoveillance: Methodology framework,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 21, no. 5, 2019.
B. Orenzi, “Statistik Pengguna Digital Dan Internet Indonesia 2019,” BOC Indonesia, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.boc.web.id/statistik-pengguna-digital-dan-internet-indonesia-2019/. [Accessed: 03-Dec-2019].
APJII, “Mengawali Integritas Era Digital 2019.,” 2019.
WHO, “Indonesia: WHO statistical profile Basic,” 2015.
DEPKES, “Tekan Angka Kematian Melalui Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga,” Departemen Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/17061600003/tekan-angka-kematian-melalui-program-indonesia-sehat-dengan-pendekatan-keluarga.html%0A. [Accessed: 23-Jan-2019].
A. Mavragani, G. Ochoa, and K. P. Tsagarakis, “Assessing the methods, tools, and statistical approaches in Google trends research: Systematic review,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1–20, 2018.
C. Tanto, F. Liwang, S. Hanifati, and E. A. Pradipta, Kapita Selekta Kedokteran, IV. Jakarta: Media Aesculapius, 2014.
S. SeyyedHosseini, A. Asemi, A. Shabania, and M. CheshmehSohrabi, “An infodemiology study on breast cancer in Iran: Health information supply versus health information demand in PubMed and Google Trends,” Electron. Libr., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 258–269, 2018.
E. D’Avanzo, G. Pilato, and M. D. Lytras, “Using Twitter sentiment and emotions analysis of Google Trends for decisions making,” Progr. Electron. Libr. Inf. Syst., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 322–350, 2017.
M. A. Dietzel, “Sentiment-based predictions of housing market turning points with Google trends,” Int. J. Hous. Mark. Anal., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 108–136, 2016.
W. Teng, L. P. Cheng, and K. J. Zhao, “Application of kernel principal component and Pearson correlation coefficient in prediction of mine pressure failure,” Proc. - 2017 Chinese Autom. Congr. CAC 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, pp. 5704–5708, 2017.
Sugiyono, Statistika untuk Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2007.
X. Zhou, J. Ye, and Y. Feng, “Tuberculosis surveillance by analyzing google trends,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2247–2254, 2011.

References

S. P. Jun, H. S. Yoo, and S. Choi, “Ten years of research change using Google Trends: From the perspective of big data utilizations and applications,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 130, no. December, pp. 69–87, 2018.

G. Eysenbach, “Infodemiology and infoveillance: framework for an emerging set of public health informatics methods to analyze search, communication and publication behavior on the Internet.,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 11, no. 1, 2009.

G. Eysenbach, “Infodemiology : The Epidemiology of ( Mis ) information,” vol. 113, pp. 763–765, 2002.

C. Pelat, C. Turbelin, A. Bar-Hen, A. Flahault, and A.-J. Valleron, “More Diseases Tracked by Using Google Trends,” Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1327–1328, 2009.

H. A. Carneiro and E. Mylonakis, “Google Trends: A Web‐Based Tool for Real‐Time Surveillance of Disease Outbreaks,” Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1557–1564, 2009.

D. R. Olson et al., “Searching for better flu surveillance? A brief communication arising from Ginsberg et al. Nature 457, 1012-1014 (2009),” Nat. Preced., vol. 1014, no. August, pp. 1012–1014, 2009.

H. Choi and H. Varian, “Predicting the Present with Google Trends,” Econ. Rec., vol. 88, no. SUPPL.1, pp. 2–9, 2012.

L. Kristoufek, “Can google trends search queries contribute to risk diversification?,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 1–5, 2013.

T. Preis, H. S. Moat, and H. Eugene Stanley, “Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using google trends,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 1–6, 2013.

S. V. Nuti et al., “The use of google trends in health care research: A systematic review,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 10, 2014.

M. Siswanto and A. Fahriannur, “Google Trend untuk Analisa Pasar Bisnis Online & Pemilihan Keywords pada E-Commerce Web,” Semin. Has. Penelit. dan Pengabdi. pada Masy. Dana BOPTN, pp. 272–277, 2016.

A. F. Satibi, Suharyono, and Y. Abdillah, “Analisis Pemanfaatan Search Engine Optimization dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Produk UMKM di Pasar Internasional,” J. Adm. Bisnis, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 96–105, 2017.

M. Nuruddin and A. R. A. Udin, “Penerapan Internet Sehat Dan Produktif ( Insap ) Bagi Kelompok Remaja Di Lingkungan Sumber Ketangi Kelurahan Wirolegi Kecamatan Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember,” Semin. Nas. Has. Pengabdi. kepa Masy., pp. 247–250, 2017.

V. Nijman, “CITES-listings, EU eel trade bans and the increase of export of tropical eels out of Indonesia,” Mar. Policy, vol. 58, pp. 36–41, 2015.

A. Husnayain, A. Fuad, and L. Lazuardi, “Correlation between Google Trends on dengue fever and national surveillance report in Indonesia,” Glob. Health Action, vol. 12, no. 1, 2019.

M. P. T. Sulistyanto and D. A. Nugraha, “Implementasi IoT ( Internet of Things ) dalam pembelajaran di Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang,” SMARTICS J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 20–23, 2015.

I. Suharyadi, “Peran Penting Asia Africa Smart City Summit (AASCS) 2015 Terhadap Perkembangan Paradiplomasi Kota Bandung,” GLOBAL, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 95–107, 2016.

J. P. Abiyyu, R. Andreswari, and M. A. Hasibuan, “Implementasi Aplikasi Mobile Modul Penyelenggara Dan Konsumen Kegiatan Di Kota Bandung Menggunakan Metode Iterative Incremental Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Terhadap Kegiatan Di Kota Bandung,” e-Proceeding Eng., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1381–1391, 2018.

C. O. N. Susanto, “Internet Sehat,” 2016.

A. Seifter, A. Schwarzwalder, K. Geis, and J. Aucott, “The utility of ‘Google Trends’ for epidemiological research: Lyme disease as an example,” Geospat. Health, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 135–137, 2010.

S. Cho et al., “Correlation between national influenza surveillance data and Google Trends in South Korea,” PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 12, 2013.

M. Kang, H. Zhong, J. He, S. Rutherford, and F. Yang, “Using Google Trends for Influenza Surveillance in South China,” PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2009–2014, 2013.

R. A. Strauss, J. S. Castro, R. Reintjes, and J. R. Torres, “Google dengue trends: An indicator of epidemic behavior. The Venezuelan Case,” Int. J. Med. Inform., vol. 104, no. November 2016, pp. 26–30, 2017.

L. R. Swari and R. Lakoro, “Perancangan Video Promosi ‘Jelajah Pantai Tulungagung’ untuk Menunjang Potensi Wisata Pantai di Kabupaten Tulungagung,” J. Sains dan Seni ITS, vol. 5, no. 2, 2016.

S. Vosen and T. Schmidt, “Forecasting private consumption: Survey-based indicators vs. Google trends,” J. Forecast., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 565–578, 2011.

D. Rahmanto, Wiyadi, and M. Isa, “Analisis Permintaan Pasar Online Produk Batik Di Indonesia,” Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2011.

K. Falgenti, “Transformasi UKM ke Bisnis Online dengan Internet Marketing Tools,” Ilm. Fakt. Exacta, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 62–73, 2011.

A. D. Riyanto, “Pemanfaatan Google Trends Dalam Penentuan Kata Kunci Sebuah Produk Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Pelaku Bisnis Di Dunia Internet,” Semin. Nas. Inform., pp. 52–59, 2014.

M. Dilmaghani, “Workopolis or The Pirate Bay: what does Google Trends say about the unemployment rate?,” J. Econ. Stud., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 422–445, 2019.

A. Mavragani and G. Ochoa, “Google trends in infodemiology and infoveillance: Methodology framework,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 21, no. 5, 2019.

B. Orenzi, “Statistik Pengguna Digital Dan Internet Indonesia 2019,” BOC Indonesia, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.boc.web.id/statistik-pengguna-digital-dan-internet-indonesia-2019/. [Accessed: 03-Dec-2019].

APJII, “Mengawali Integritas Era Digital 2019.,” 2019.

WHO, “Indonesia: WHO statistical profile Basic,” 2015.

DEPKES, “Tekan Angka Kematian Melalui Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga,” Departemen Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/17061600003/tekan-angka-kematian-melalui-program-indonesia-sehat-dengan-pendekatan-keluarga.html%0A. [Accessed: 23-Jan-2019].

A. Mavragani, G. Ochoa, and K. P. Tsagarakis, “Assessing the methods, tools, and statistical approaches in Google trends research: Systematic review,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1–20, 2018.

C. Tanto, F. Liwang, S. Hanifati, and E. A. Pradipta, Kapita Selekta Kedokteran, IV. Jakarta: Media Aesculapius, 2014.

S. SeyyedHosseini, A. Asemi, A. Shabania, and M. CheshmehSohrabi, “An infodemiology study on breast cancer in Iran: Health information supply versus health information demand in PubMed and Google Trends,” Electron. Libr., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 258–269, 2018.

E. D’Avanzo, G. Pilato, and M. D. Lytras, “Using Twitter sentiment and emotions analysis of Google Trends for decisions making,” Progr. Electron. Libr. Inf. Syst., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 322–350, 2017.

M. A. Dietzel, “Sentiment-based predictions of housing market turning points with Google trends,” Int. J. Hous. Mark. Anal., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 108–136, 2016.

W. Teng, L. P. Cheng, and K. J. Zhao, “Application of kernel principal component and Pearson correlation coefficient in prediction of mine pressure failure,” Proc. - 2017 Chinese Autom. Congr. CAC 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, pp. 5704–5708, 2017.

Sugiyono, Statistika untuk Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2007.

X. Zhou, J. Ye, and Y. Feng, “Tuberculosis surveillance by analyzing google trends,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2247–2254, 2011.

Issue

Vol. 5, No. 4, November 2020

Towards an Effective Tuberculosis Surveillance in Indonesia through Google Trends

Corresponding Author(s) : Dhomas Hatta Fudholi

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Keywords

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